Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haplogroup J
Possible time of origin	50,000-30,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Near East, Arabian Peninsula
Ancestor	IJ
Descendants	J1, J2
Defining mutations	12f2.1, M304, P209, S6, S34, S35

In human genetics, Haplogroup J (previously known as HG9 or Eu9/Eu10) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the 12f2.1 genetic marker, or the equivalent M304 marker. It evolved in the Arabian Peninsula and was then carried into North Africa, Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia.

[hide]

[edit]Origins

Haplogroup J is believed to have arisen roughly 30,000 years ago in Southwest Asia (Arabia Felix) (31,700±12,800 years ago according to Semino et al.. 2004). It is most closely related to Haplogroup I, as both Haplogroup I and Haplogroup J have mutations in common deriving from Haplogroup IJ (S2, S22). Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from Haplogroup IJK(L15/S137, L16/S138), and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with Haplogroup G and Haplogroup H as immediate descendants of Haplogroup F. The main current subgroups J1 and J2, which now comprise between them almost all of the population of the haplogroup, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago.

Haplogroup J is found in greatest concentration in Southwestern Arabian Peninsula. Outside of this region, haplogroup J has a presence in North Africa. It also has a moderate presence in Southern Europe (especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece, and Albania), Central Asia, and South Asia, particularly in the form of its subclade J2 (J-M172). Haplogroup J is also found in the Horn of Africa, particularly in the form of its subclade J1 (J-M267). Subclades J2a and J2a1b1 are found mostly in Greece, Anatolia, and southern Italy. In Northern India, 28.7% of the Shia Muslim population belongs to haplogroup J. ^[1]